jpdb beta

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

8

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

3

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

2

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

2

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

2

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

1

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

3

be; is; did; (have) done; please; do

4

to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)

1

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

4

hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo

2

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

2

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

3

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

2

but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...

1

that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...

1

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

2

I; me

1

this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence

2

was; were

1

to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience

1

to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)

2

to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk

1

called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...

1

such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!

3

such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o

1

and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing

1

honorific/polite/humble prefix

1

again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and

1

no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all

2

and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...

1

pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)

1

this sort of; this kind of; like this; such

1

seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...

1

than; from; out of; except; but; more

1

like; similar to; as with; in the same way

1

to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop

1

in this way; thus; such; uh...

1

(some) more; even more; longer; further

1

who

1

beginning; outset; first; onset

1

(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion

1

result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently

1

relief; peace of mind

1

first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole

1

to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study

1

then; well; so; be; is

1

I; me; you; manservant

1

two persons; two people; pair; couple

1

diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily

1