pompadour-like hair style, popular for unmarried women in the Edo period; shimada coiffure
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
supplementary examination
some time ago; recently; lately; last (Sunday, etc.); previous
than; from; out of; except; but; more
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
answer sheet; blank answer paper; examination paper; test paper
copy; photocopy; blurb on a book jacket; catch copy
to scatter; to disseminate (e.g. a rumor); to spread (e.g. germs); to distribute widely (e.g. leaflets); to hand out freely; to spend recklessly
adds force or indicates command
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
please (give me); please (do for me)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
oh my god; how; what the; incredible
odd reply; amusing answer; oddball response
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to untie; to unfasten; to unsew; to unstitch; to solve; to work out; to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
will; volition; intention; intent; determination
to happen to have on hand or in stock
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
better; preferable; more; increase; (arch.) increase; (arch.) growth
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to brace oneself; to focus one's energies; to focus one's mind