book; volume; this; present; main; head
reason; significance; cause; piece of information that one has heard; I hear that ...; it is said that ...
teahouse; (Edo period) rest stop; (geisha) teahouse; establishment where patrons are entertained by geisha; tea house (that sells tea); tea dealer
work (film, book); production; creation; turning (something) out
companion; follower; attendant; retinue
exchange (e.g. cultural); interchange; interaction; alternating current; AC
to look after (often medically); to take care of
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
quotient; dealing; dealer; second degree (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); Shang dynasty (China, approx. 1600-1046 BCE); Yin dynasty
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
family; members of a family
han; fan; unit that doubles the score of a hand
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
school; proof (of a book, document, etc.); counter for proofs
period; time; opportunity; chance; age; term (e.g. in office); session (e.g. of parliament)
frequent; densely packed; thick
action of making something; -ification
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
close (e.g. friend); familiar; familiar (e.g. story); well-known (to one); close (relatives); closely related
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...