indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to grow up; to become an adult
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
willingness (e.g. to do something); eagerness; motivation; inspiration; determination; high aspirations
middle of summer; height of summer; midsummer
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
in that way; thus; so; so?
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful