now; soon; already; yet; further; more
pardon; forgiveness; forbearance
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
emperor (of Japan); mikado
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
honorific/polite/humble prefix
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
please (give me); please (do for me)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.