indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
connotation; comprehension; intension; inclusion; containment within
while; during; while; although; all; both
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
rock-paper-scissors (game); janken
end; close; conclusion; end of a game of go, shogi, etc.
proximity; nearness; soon; nearby
release (e.g. information); disclosure (legal); show; indication; display
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
fate; destiny; connection; tie; pretext; justification
deep (of emotions, connections, etc.)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
shuffle (of playing cards, etc.); rearranging (in a random order); shaking (a container to mix ingredients, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to distribute; to hand out; to deliver; to allot; to allocate; to place (staff, soldiers, etc.)
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
proposal; proposition; suggestion
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to stand up; to put up; to thrust into; to bury into; to make (a noise); to start (a rumour); to make
last; final; closing; last train (bus, flight, etc.; of the day)
rock (in rock-paper-scissors); stone; ungh; gulp; rumbling (of an empty stomach); growling
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
par (in golf); equivalence; face value; parity
double; double bed; hotel room with a double bed; double-breasted; double-cuffed; double width (of cloth; usu. 1.42 meters); doubles (e.g. in tennis)
buying up of goods; cornering (market)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
plan; policy; means; fifth principle of the Eight Principles of Yong; right upward flick
failure; collapse; breakdown; break-up; bankruptcy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be added to; to be appended; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate; to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence)
bitterness; distress; pain; bitterness and astringency