putting one's life on the line; staking one's life (on); risking one's life; life and death situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
steel frame; steel beam; steel girder
crossing; passage; importing; import; wandering; wanderer; migration
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
ordinary; common; free of charge; free; unaffected; as is
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
to hold back (e.g. emotions); to rein in (e.g. a horse, unruly people); to get the better of; to control; to command
release (of information, documents, etc.); disclosure; display; discovery
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
rise of the curtain; opening of a play; beginning (e.g. of an era); start; opening (of a tournament, festival, etc.)
citizen (of a country); citizenry; citizen (of a city); resident; bourgeoisie; middle class
use; application; employment; utilization; utilisation
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; card; program
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
variety; kind; type; counter for kinds, species, etc.
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
counter for thin, flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper, plates, coins); counter for portions of gyōza or soba; counter for ranks; counter for wrestlers of a particular rank; counter for fields or rice paddies; counter for palanquin bearers
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
one (thin, flat object); one sheet
apiece; each; at a time; piecemeal
in this manner; in this way; like this
mutually; with each other; reciprocally; together
to divide (into); to split (into); to share; to distribute; to distinguish; to discriminate; to break up (a fight)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
camp (supporters of a doctrine, party, etc.); faction (of a party); military camp; encampment; cantonment
to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful
side (of something, or taking someone's side); part; (watch) case
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
alternately; by turns; one after the other
to take (be in) charge of
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
very much; exceedingly; extremely
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
to choose; to select; to pick (out)