in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
specific; particular; designated; specifying; designating; identifying
interference; intervention; meddling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thesis; essay; treatise; paper; article
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
innumerable; countless; numberless
(parasitic) host; landlord; innkeeper
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
obstinate; stubborn; mulish; die-hard; bigoted
denial; negation; negation (logic); NOT operation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
that is to say; so that means
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
I've heard that ...; rumour has it that ...; it appears as if ...
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to create; to bring forth; to invent; to think up and bring into being; to give birth to; to bear
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case