indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
known as ...; also known as ...; called ...; AKA
New World (esp. the Americas, but also Australasia); new world
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to hold back (e.g. emotions); to rein in (e.g. a horse, unruly people); to get the better of; to control; to command
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to keep someone from doing; to stop; to prevent; to check; to hinder; to obstruct
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
now; the present time; just now; another; more
fruit; nut; seed; (in broth) pieces of meat, vegetable, etc.; content; substance
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
gum; rubber; eraser; condom
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
to cross (legs or arms); to link (arms); to put together; to construct; to braid; to plait; to grapple
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
present (e.g. government, administration); current; existing
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
plan; trick; plot; stratagem; scheme; trap