indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
adds force or indicates command
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
grey moustache; white beard
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
ace (playing card); ace (of a team); leading player; ace; hotshot; ace (serve)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
body; group; party; company; troupe
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to be separated; to be apart; to leave; to go away; to leave (a job, etc.); to quit
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation