indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get back; to regain; to recover; to make up (for); to catch up on
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
secretary; councillor; councilor
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
war; battle; match; game; competition
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
Hamburg steak; hamburger steak
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
range (of a rifle, missile, etc.)
goal; basket (basketball); finishing line; Gaul
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
swordsman; swordswoman; fencer
follow; following (on social media, esp. Twitter); follow-up; following up; backing-up; covering for; follow-up shot
predicament; one's ground; one's position
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to get mad; to be highly offended; to get pissed off; to get angry; to lose one's cool
precisely; exactly; plumb; damn; stupid; cursed
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)
puncture; flat tyre (tire); blowout; bursting; overflowing; being jammed (e.g. phone lines)
attack; assault; attempt; try
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext