indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get back; to regain; to recover; to make up (for); to catch up on
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
secretary; councillor; councilor
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
war; battle; match; game; competition
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
Hamburg steak; hamburger steak
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
range (of a rifle, missile, etc.)
distance; range; difference (e.g. in opinion); gap; metric
goal (in soccer, hockey, etc.); basket (in basketball); finish line; finishing line; reaching the finish line; finishing (a race)
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
damn; damn it; feces; excrement; damn; damned; very
swordsman; swordswoman; fencer
follow; following (on social media, esp. Twitter); follow-up; following up; backing-up; covering for; follow-up shot
being left in an awkward position; being put in a dilemma; being in a fix; losing face
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to get angry; to get mad; to lose one's temper; to go straight to one's head (of alcohol); to feel the effects (of an illness); to lose one's wits
extreme; ultra; mega; damn; stupid; cursed
leader; leaders; dotted line; reader (textbook); reader (i.e. a person who reads); microreader
puncture; flat tyre (tire); blowout; bursting; overflowing; being jammed (e.g. phone lines)
attack; attack (on a difficult task); tackling; making an assault (on a summit); attack
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
exactly; just; right (when); just (as); just (about to); on the point of
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to push into; to cram into; to stuff into; to break in; to burgle; to burglarize