indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
military forces; hosts; troops
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
standing facing each other (e.g. mountains, buildings); standing opposite each other; confrontation; squaring off against (adversaries, armies, forces); standing off against
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put in order; to arrange; to get ready; to prepare; to work out (e.g. business deal); to arrange (e.g. marriage)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
well-matched (esp. of a couple); becoming; suitable
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
severe; intense; awe-inspiring; biting; bitter (cold); piercing
honorific/polite/humble prefix
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
uh-huh; mm-hmm; with a moan; with a groan
is that so? (generally rhetorical)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
good bye; I'm off; see you later
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
subordinate; underling; henchman; minion
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
with a burble; hollow (sounding); holey; full of holes or dents; viciously beating; hitting and kicking repeatedly
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
please (give me); please (do for me)
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...