indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
development; exploitation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
dwarf (esp. in folklore or fantasy literature)
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
clothes; clothing; garments
tool; implement; means; furniture
drawing up (e.g. legal document, contract, will, etc.); preparing; writing; framing; making; producing
dwelling; house; residence; address
construction; establishment
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
rule; reign; government; governing
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
flow (of a fluid or gas); stream; flow (of people, things); passage (of time); course (of events); (step-by-step) procedure; group of people who remain together after the end of an event
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
comfort; ease; easy; simple; (economically) comfortable; raku pottery
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...