today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
elective subject or course
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
tension; mental strain; nervousness
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
to drag along; to pull; to force someone along; to prolong; to drag out; to influence strongly
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
anyhow; in any case; at any rate; at best; at most
tone-deafness; amusia; tone-deaf; off-key; having no sense (of something); being hopeless (when it comes to something)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
feeling; sense; impression
suffix for familiar person
singing voice; (sound of) singing
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to praise; to commend; to compliment; to speak well of; to speak highly of
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
in that way; thus; so; so?
thin-culmed dwarf bamboo (growing in clusters)