swastika (esp. counterclockwise form as a Buddhist symbol); fylfot; swastika-shaped family crest; wow; yeah
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
no matter how much time passes
regret; repentance; remorse
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
shot; charge; blow; punch; home run; try
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
difference; variation; difference
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
fence; hedge; barrier; wall; railing
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
skip it; drop it; I've had enough (e.g. when offered something); that's enough
to fall (over, down); to collapse; to be destroyed (in a collapse); to collapse; to be confined to bed (with an illness); to come down with; to die
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
adds force or indicates command
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back