indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
match; game; bout; contest
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
please (give me); please (do for me)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
play; recreation; play (theatre); performance; staging; praying
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to be silent; to say nothing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
given that ... it is only natural that ...; ... being the case, it is unavoidable that ...; (precisely) because ...; contrary to expectations ...
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress