indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
eaves; narrow aisle surrounding the core of a temple building
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
eternity; perpetuity; immortality; permanence
educational institution; school; academy; campus
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
young nobleman; scion of a noble family; princely young man; man with an aristocratic air
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
to also be (implies that as well as the earlier stated this is also the case); to be ... or something
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
to drift; to float; to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air; to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood); to wander; to walk around aimlessly
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result); good luck; auspiciousness; unspecified day of the month (used to obscure the date a letter, invitation, etc. was written)
good (quality, condition, etc.); Good (grade); B
zaibatsu; financial conglomerate; industrial group
management; administration; operation
garden (esp. man-made); orchard; park; place; location
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.