indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bring someone happiness; to make someone happy
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
welcome!; nice to see you!
loveable; very likeable; like very much
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
to swell; to rise; to bulge; to rouse; to get excited
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
wing; Chinese "Wings" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (arch.) counter for birds or bird wings
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
door; gate; opening; title page
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to bear a grudge against; to resent; to blame; to curse; to feel bitter towards
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
nothing but; none other than
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling, atmosphere, etc.); serious; gloomy
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
cruel; merciless; pitiless; tragic; horrible; terrible
part; assigning (allotment of) parts; role; duties