indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
release (e.g. information); disclosure (legal); show; indication; display
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
step; stair; grade; rank; counter for breaks in written language (or speech, etc.); dan
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
to be packed (with); to be full (space, schedule, etc.); to be blocked (road, pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to shorten (width, interval, etc.); to shrink (shirt, word form, etc.); to be at a loss
hit; success; guess; prediction; affability; friendliness; sensation
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
in that way; thus; so; so?
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
evacuation; emission (e.g. of CO2, etc.); ejection
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
route; path; channel (e.g. sales, distribution)
end; verge; extremity; miss; failure; blank (e.g. lottery ticket)
inclination; slant; slope; bevel; list; dip
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
adds force or indicates command
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
marsh; swamp; wetland; being hooked (on a video game, TV show, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more