indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pile (of noodles, etc.); bullet
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
step; stair; grade; rank; counter for breaks in written language (or speech, etc.); dan
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
multi-floor building; multi-storey building; bill
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
before oneself; in front of one; a bit before reaching (a location); this side (of a location); one's standpoint; one's appearance; skill
to incline; to lean; to devote oneself to; to concentrate on; to ruin; to squander
release (e.g. information); disclosure (legal); show; indication; display
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to incline toward; to slant; to lurch; to go down (sun); to wane; to sink
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
departure; departing (from ...); sending; sent (by ...); engine; counter for gunshots, bursts of gas, etc.
inclination; slant; slope; bevel; list; dip
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
marsh; swamp; wetland; being hooked (on a video game, TV show, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout