why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from here; from this place
to enter; to come in; to join (a club, company, etc.); to enter (a university, the army, etc.); to be contained (in); to be included (in); to (be able to) fit (in a container, building, etc.)
nothing but; except; no more than
true character; true form; true colors; consciousness; one's senses
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
leader; leaders; dotted line; reader (textbook); reader (i.e. a person who reads); microreader
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (animate); to be; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed; to (have the audacity to) do
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); wall (of stones)
mechanism; machinery; trick; dodge; mechanical doll; string puppet
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
device; contrivance; trick; trap; (small) scale; half finished; commencement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
generally; mainly; nearly all; almost all; gist; summary; staying within bounds
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
simple; plain; uncomplicated; straightforward; simple-minded; naive
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh