why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from here; from this place
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
adds force or indicates command
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
leader; reader; reading book; reader (i.e. someone who reads); microreader; dotted line (in printing)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hole; opening; pit; hollow; burrow; den; deficit
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
mechanism; machinery; trick; dodge; mechanical doll; string puppet
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
device; contrivance; trick; trap; (small) scale; half finished; commencement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
generally; mainly; nearly all; almost all; gist; summary; staying within bounds
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
simple; plain; uncomplicated; straightforward; simple-minded; naive