ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material); Ruby (programming language)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
queen; female monarch; queen consort; consort of a king; queen; princess
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
gem; jewel; precious stone
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
one cup (of); one glass (of); one drink (of alcohol); full; filled (with); fully; to capacity
to collect; to assemble; to gather
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
lovely; wonderful; charming; enchanting; nice; great
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
educational institution; school; academy; campus
middle school (esp. the middle school section of a school that also encompasses other grades); junior high school
three years; third school year (e.g. of high school)
close friendship; close friend; good friend; intimate relations; sexual intercourse; sex
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
rest; recess; vacation; holiday; dormancy (of a silkworm prior to moulting)
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; good night
business; trade; operations; sales
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
character (esp. kanji); letter; handwriting; penmanship; the ... word (e.g. "the L word" = "love")
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
dangerous; risky; in danger; in jeopardy; uncertain; unreliable
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays