indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
support; backing; endorsement; support; holding up; propping
men's (fashion, wear, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
than; from; out of; except; but; more
educational institution; school; academy; campus
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to have a nightmare; to make a noise during a nightmare
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
reverse; opposite; converse (of a hypothesis, etc.); inverse (function)
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
thief; burglar; robber; theft; burglary; robbery
all; entire; whole; altogether
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...