ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material); Ruby (programming language)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
gem; jewel; precious stone
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
to collect; to assemble; to gather
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
educational institution; school; academy; campus
middle school (esp. the middle school section of a school that also encompasses other grades); junior high school
intimate friend; close friend; bosom buddy; chum
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
four; four years of age; ten o'clock (old time system); Burakumin; cross grips
three; three years of age
addition; supplement; appending; appendix
paper (in rock-paper-scissors); disappearing completely; coming to nought; foolishness; stupidity
thank you for waiting; sorry to have kept you waiting
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
cold (drinking) water; (glass of) cold water; cold boiled rice
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate