today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
lesson; class; teaching; instruction; classwork; schoolwork
end; ending; close; end of (one's) life; death
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
café; cafe; coffeehouse; hostess bar (serving western alcoholic beverages; Taisho and Showa period)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
competition; contest; rivalry; competition (between organisms or species)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
OK; okay; fine (without); not needed; unnecessary
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
to fall down; to fall over; to turn out; to play out; to abandon Christianity (and convert to Buddhism); to apostatize
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
just as; right after; in the act of; as soon as; at that moment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; penis; (one's) thing
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to trip (over); to stumble; to fail; to suffer a setback
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
ruby; ruby character; small hiragana or katakana readings of kanji usually above or to the side of the kanji (esp. used by printers and in ref. to printed material); Ruby (programming language)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
image; figure; figure; form; image
wonderful; splendid; magnificent; exceeding; incredible; remarkable
result; effect; performance; workmanship (of an article); execution; shape and quality
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
all; altogether; entirely; exactly alike (e.g. in appearance); spitting image of; identical