yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
handmade; homegrown; hand-crafted; homemade
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
fame; reputation; popularity; rumour (rumor); talk
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
hill; height; knoll; bonus points awarded to the winner at the end of a game
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea); cowberry
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
to be collected; to be gathered (e.g. mushrooms, etc.); to be harvested; to be able to collect; to be able to mine
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
so; like this; in this way
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to complain; to make a complaint
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr