skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
final game; final games; the finals
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Niigata prefecture (Hokuriku area)
talent; gift; function; noh (theatre)
raw; uncooked; natural; as it is; unprotected (sex); live (i.e. not recorded); inexperienced
subject; theme; homework; assignment; task; challenge
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
certainly; surely; undoubtedly; just; precisely; exactly
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
appropriate; adequate; suitable; fitting; worthy
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
three flat objects (sheets of paper, pieces of cloth, etc.)
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
to turn over; to turn upside down; to knock over; to tip over; to overturn (e.g. a decision); to upset
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
dramatic turn-around; major reversal; great comeback; game changer
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
opposite; opposition; versus; vs.; to (e.g. "winning a game five to three"); equal footing
complete defeat; utter defeat; annihilation; to be completely defeated; to be beaten hollow
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
(arch.) eastern Japan (esp. Kamakura or Edo, from perspective of Kyoto or Nara); (arch.) eastern provinces; (arch.) east; wagon; yamatogoto
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...