poor; unsatisfactory; inadequate; cold; chilly
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
class-A; A class; A grade
promotion; raising of status
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
to look out on; to overlook; to face (a situation, crisis, etc.); to meet (e.g. death); to deal with (an issue); to attend (e.g. a function)
border; boundary; border; edge; horizontal stripes; boarder (e.g. snowboarder, skateboarder)
class-B; B class; B grade; second rate
round (table, collar, etc.); round; round; round (of a competition); round (of talks, esp. multilateral trade negotiations)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
activity (esp. energetic or successful); great efforts; active participation; walking about with great vigor
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
party; group; crew; company (of troops); corps; unit
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
hard fight; close game; struggle; tight contest
to force; to compel; to coerce; to press; to impose
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
tactics; strategy; military operation; naval operation
success; achievement; fruition
spicy; hot; salty; harsh (criticism); severe (punishment); painful
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
victory; triumph; win; conquest; success
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
(arch.) eastern Japan (esp. Kamakura or Edo, from perspective of Kyoto or Nara); (arch.) eastern provinces; (arch.) east; wagon; yamatogoto
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
match; game; bout; contest
to turn one's head; to look over one's shoulder; to turn around; to think back (on); to reminisce; to look back (on)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
how; in what way; how about; questionable
don't you think?; indicates question
beginning and end; doing something from beginning to end; being unchanged from beginning to end; from beginning to end; the whole time
ball; sphere; bead (of sweat, dew, etc.); drop; ball (in sports); pitch (e.g. in baseball); pile (of noodles, etc.)
Goguryeo (ancient Korean kingdom; 37 BCE-668 CE); Korean; introduced from Goryeo