indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tough; hard; determined; strong-minded; strong (e.g. sunlight, alcohol); severe
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
time; hour; period; class
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to be sufficient; to be enough; to be worth doing; to be worthy of; to do (the job); to serve
inside the breast of one's clothing (esp. kimono); bosom; space between one's chest and outstretched arms; (one's) reach; heart (e.g. of a mountain); bosom (e.g. of nature)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
adds force or indicates command
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
garden (esp. man-made); orchard; park; place; location
society regulations; club regulations; constitution
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
article (in document); provision; stripe; streak; although; though
clause; paragraph; argument; term (of an equation); (arch.) nape (of the neck)
cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
as (much) as possible; as (much) as one can; wherever practicable; if possible
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on