space development; space exploration
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
waste matter; waste; garbage; trash
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
danger; peril; hazard; risk
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
rubbish; trash; garbage; refuse
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
current profits; ordinary profit; income before income taxes; ordinary income; operating income
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
maintenance; preservation; improvement
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
division (of company); operations department
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
(being in) the red; deficit; red letter; red writing; corrections (by a teacher or proofreader) written in red
one's post; one's station; department; bureau; section
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
collection; recovery; withdrawal; retrieval