space development; space exploration
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
result; consequence; consequently; as a result; as a result of; following
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
waste matter; waste; garbage; trash
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
danger; peril; hazard; risk
existence; being; presence
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
rubbish; trash; garbage; refuse; litter
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
to meet (someone of higher status); (arch.) to be recognized (esp. by someone of higher status); (arch.) to be visible; (arch.) to be seen
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
coming; going; being (somewhere); (please) come; go; stay
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
opposite side; other side; over there; ahead; destination; there (somewhere distant, esp. abroad)
trifling matter; urination; urine
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
seashore; coast; seaside; waterfront; beach
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!