space development; space exploration
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
result; consequence; consequently; as a result; as a result of; following
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
waste matter; waste; garbage; trash
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly; actually
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
danger; peril; hazard; risk
existence; being; presence
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
rubbish; trash; garbage; refuse; litter
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to bend; to crook; to lean; to tilt; to bend (the truth); to distort
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
estimate (of costs); budget
few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
exchange; interchange; switching; reciprocity; barter; substitution
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
special order (goods); custom (made); bespoke
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
irresponsible; perfunctory; lukewarm; half-baked; (already) enough; considerably
to buy a replacement; to replace (with a new purchase)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such