ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
at once; immediately; without delay; promptly
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
how long; how much; to what extent
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
or; either ... or; maybe; perhaps; some ... and others ...; sometimes ... and at other times ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
now; the present time; just now; another; more
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
long time (since the last time); first in a long time
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
victory or defeat; match; contest; game
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
one's father; one's old man; middle-aged (or older) man; old man; one's boss; proprietor (of a restaurant, store, etc.)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
yes?; no?; isn't it?; is it?
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
ten best people (in a particular field)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at any rate; anyhow; anyway; in any case; because; as you know
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding