as if; as though; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest; really; completely
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
memory; recollection; remembrance; memory; storage
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
(verbal) message; word (from someone)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look after; to take care of; to be put in charge of; to be given responsibility for; to withhold (an announcement); to reserve (judgment)
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
to neglect; to be negligent in; to be neglectful of; to improve (of an illness); to get better
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
Nagano (city, prefecture)
to aim at (with a weapon, etc.); to be after (something or someone); to have an eye on; to aim for; to set up as a goal
unskillful; poor; awkward; imprudent; untactful
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
Japanese cherry birch (Betula grossa); yellow catalpa (Catalpa ovata); Japanese mallotus (Mallotus japonicus); printing block; catalpa bow; catalpa medium
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
weak; frail; delicate; tender; unskilled; weak (wine)
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
death; (an) out; death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation; most severe of the five ritsuryō punishments)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
still; yet; more; still more; furthermore; in addition
to make an appearance; to show up
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as