rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
adds force or indicates command
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
portable shrine (carried in festivals); palanquin; buttocks; lower back
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
funerary urn; cinerary urn; burial urn; cremation urn
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
honorific/polite/humble prefix
mansion; palace; (arch.) nobleman; (arch.) noblewoman; (arch.) cabin (on a boat, carriage, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows