here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
had better ...; had better not ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to untie; to unfasten; to unsew; to unstitch; to solve; to work out; to dispel (misunderstanding, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
unreasonable; unnatural; impossible; forcible; forced; excessive (work, etc.); immoderate
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
quarrel; brawl; fight; squabble; scuffle; argument
price; cost; charge; payment; bill; fee
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
(someone else's) daughter
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
adds force or indicates command
mobile telephone; cellular telephone
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
your home; your family; their home; (my) home
than; from; out of; except; but; more
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
discomfort; inconvenience; poverty; want; inability; disability
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen