aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
summer vacation; summer holiday
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
time; hour; period; class
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
just like that; in the twinkling of an eye; in the blink of an eye; (lit.) in the time it takes to say "ah!"
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
nevertheless; at any rate; even so; all things considered; be that as it may
with trouble; at great pains; rare; valuable; kind; generous
wisteria (esp. Japanese wisteria, Wisteria floribunda); wistaria
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
two persons; two people; pair; couple
only; just; since; after; remaining (in a particular state)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
wrong; not good; hopeless; past hope; must not do
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
concentration; focusing; convergence; within a collection of works
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
homework; assignment; pending issue; unresolved problem; open question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!