indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
faint; indistinct; dim; (arch.) few; (arch.) a little
water's edge; beach; shore
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
all-you-can-eat; eating as much as one likes
look here; I say; well; I know what; I'll tell you what; just a minute
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inspection; study by observation; field trip; sitting out (e.g. PE class)
practice (in the field); training (esp. practical and hands-on); practical exercise; drill
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
factory; plant; mill; workshop
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
why; oh; no!; quit it!; stop!
fine weather; fair weather
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do