indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
yikes!; eek!; ook; eek; customer
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
already; yet; soon; shortly; further; more
brightness; brilliance; brilliancy; radiance; glitter
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
father; dad; husband; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); he
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
consequence; outcome; result; blame; fault
such; like that; that sort of
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
mother; mom; wife; you (of an elderly person older than the speaker); she
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to kick the bucket; to drop dead; to die; to be pooped; to be exhausted; to be knackered
woman; female; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
disaster; calamity; misfortune; trouble; woes
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young woman; young (animal); offshoot
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
anything and everything; just about everything
to lose; to miss (a chance, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
to take (by force); to take away; to snatch; to absorb (one's attention); to fascinate; to captivate
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...