this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
program (e.g. TV); programme
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
company; association; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(please) try to; (please) look; seeing; looking
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
offer; tender; providing; sponsoring (a TV program)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
he; she; that person; (arch.) you
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
I, myself; one-self; by one-self; even I; even one
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
bell (often a large hanging bell); chime
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
meeting up; gathering; assembly; set
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
repeating a year (at school); staying in the same class for another year
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
dropping out of school; withdrawing from school; expulsion from school; dismissal; leaving school (university, etc.) after completing a course
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly