no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
winter vacation; winter holidays
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
no matter what; whatever you say; in the end; after all
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
than; from; out of; except; but; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
overall victory; championship
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
western part; the west (of a region); the West (United States)
district; section; sector
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
(stage) appearance; performance; participation (e.g. in a tournament)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
grace (of God); benevolence (of Buddha); assistance; help; effects; influence
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo