darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
domination; rule; direction; management; control (e.g. over one's emotions); determining (e.g. one's fate)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
seven; seven years of age; four o'clock (old time system)
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
by means of; due to; because of; according to
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
at hand; on hand; way of moving one's arms; skill; money at hand; pocket money
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
to put back; to return; to vomit; to throw up; to recover (of a market price)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
(not) so; (not) particularly; (not) very; (not) that much
time; hour; period; class
to take (a resource, e.g. time or money); to hang; to come into view; to arrive; to come under (a contract, a tax); to start (engines, motors); to attend
extravagant; absurd; unbelievable; enormous; tremendous; extraordinary
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
garden (esp. man-made); orchard; park; place; location
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
naked; bare; uncovered; frank; open; blunt
control (of a machine, device, etc.); control (over an opponent, one's emotions, etc.); governing; management
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
bowl; vessel; container; ability; capacity; calibre
to lose (something); to mislay; to get rid of; to eliminate; to remove
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
leaving a decision to someone else (often of a meal to be selected by the chef); omakase
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah