light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
garden (esp. man-made); orchard; park; place; location
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along
tradition; legend; folklore
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to reach; to amount to; to be up to the task; to come up to; to compare with; to be a match (for)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold back (e.g. emotions); to rein in (e.g. a horse, unruly people); to get the better of; to control; to command
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
eternity; perpetuity; permanence; immortality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
of course; certainly; naturally
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
location (of something); whereabouts; hiding place
after (practically) no time; immediately after; just; having no time to
I; me; personal (affairs, etc.); private; selfishness; partiality
as is; as it is; as things are; like this; this way; at this rate
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
adds force or indicates command
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
inner thoughts; real intention; at heart; deep down; inner center (centre)
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
meaning; significance; sense
failure; mistake; blunder