request; favour (to ask); wish; please
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
please (give me); please (do for me)
mouthful; morsel; gulp; sip; one word; in short
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
missing (of a person); lost; unaccounted for; whereabouts unknown
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to turn over a new leaf; to mend one's ways; to reform
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
leaving (a group, team, etc.)
really; truly; indeed; good grief
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
compensation; indemnification; reparation; consideration
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
in that way; thus; so; so?
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture