indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
such; like that; that sort of; very
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
light (e.g. aircraft, truck); light motor vehicle (up to 660cc and 64bhp); kei car
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
now; the present time; just now; another; more
fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to leave as is; to let alone; to disregard
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
program (e.g. theatre, theater); programme; (theatrical) piece; number; performance
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
ingratiation; pandering; catering (to); going along with (someone or something); accommodating oneself (e.g. to public opinion)
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
official; governmental; public (use, matter, forum, etc.); common; being public knowledge; being out in the open
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
magnificent; grand; fair; square; grandly; boldly
invitation; solicitation; canvassing; canvasing; inducement; persuasion
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
to pin down; to hold down; to cover (esp. a part of one's body with one's hand); to clutch (a body part in pain); to get a hold of; to obtain
cart (esp. a food cart); stall; festival float; portable shrine dedicated to a god and shaped like a house; stage prop fashioned after a large building; framework (of a house, etc.)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
prime location (for offices, housing, etc.); best district (in town); excellent piece of land
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing