indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bear (any mammal of family Ursidae)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to attack; to assail; to succeed (someone in a post, role, etc.); to make a sudden visit
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
going into battle; departure for the front
silver (Ag); silver coin; money; silver medal; silver colour; silver color; bank
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
even if; even though; even; too; whether ... or ...; no matter (what, where, who, etc.)
to falter; to flinch (from); to recoil (from); to quail (at)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to fight against; to oppose; to face
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
helmet (of a warrior); headpiece
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
now; the present time; just now; another; more
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
in the mountains; among the mountains
family; relatives; dependents; household
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to build; to construct; to erect; to amass (e.g. fortune); to pile up
while; even though; despite
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
the way back; the way home; return trip
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
vice-minister (Meiji period); undersecretary