jpdb beta

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

38

chimney sweeper (cleaner)

2

as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...

1

separate; respective

1

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

36

master; boss; stable master; craftsman; artisan; (arch.) foster parent

6

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

28

to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke

3

two persons; two people; pair; couple

1

separate; scattered; apart

1

to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed

7

to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

33

called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...

1

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

10

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

5

house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name

2

Milano (Italy); Milan

2

new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date

1

living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood

1

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

34

to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)

1

the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...

28

yikes; oops; eep; wow

5

yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh

10

hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently

5

he; she; that guy

2

evening; last night; yesterday evening

3

surely; certainly

1

that; those; the

2

room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable

2

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

7

angel

3

song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry

1

to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed

1

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become

10

faint; dim; weak; poor; wretched; meagre

1

to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed

1

singing voice; (sound of) singing

1

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

9

ah; oh; hey!

8

thieving cat; adulterer; homewrecker

1

when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days

2

key; lock; key (to a problem); clue

1

to steal (from a person)

1

yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's

6

is it?; isn't it?; be; is

3

yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr

1

things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that

2

unpleasant; disagreeable; nasty; lewd; lascivious; obscene

1