indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
chimney sweep; chimney sweeper
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
separate; respective; different
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
master; boss; stable master; craftsman; artisan; (arch.) foster parent
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to buy; to purchase; to value (highly); to think highly of; to incur (someone's anger, displeasure, etc.); to elicit (e.g. sneers)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
separate; scattered; apart
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
life; living; livelihood; (one's) living
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
he; she; that guy; that; that one; that thing
last night; yesterday evening
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
to be heard; to be audible; to sound (like); to come across (as); to be well known; to be famous
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
faint; dim; weak; poor; wretched; meagre
to be heard; to be audible; to sound (like); to come across (as); to be well known; to be famous
singing voice; (sound of) singing
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
thieving cat; adulterer; homewrecker
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
key; lock; key (to a problem, success, etc.); clue
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
is it?; isn't it?; be; is
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
unpleasant; disagreeable; nasty; lewd; lascivious; obscene