level ground; horizon; field of view
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to be filled with (emotion, enthusiasm, etc.); to fill the room (of a gas, smell, etc.); to be heavy with (e.g. smoke); to be muffled (e.g. voice); to hold (a castle, fortress, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to grow timid; to cower; to become perverse; to become contrary; to be cramped; to be constrained
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
to match (rhythm, speed, etc.); to join together; to unite; to face; to be opposite (someone); to compare; to check with
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to feel; to sense; to experience
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to wager; to bet; to risk; to stake; to gamble
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
president (of an organization); director general; governor (of a central bank); party leader (esp. LDP)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to catch; to capture; to catch hold of (someone); to stop (e.g. a stranger in the street); towards (someone); at (someone)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
unthinkable; unexpected; absolutely not!; far from it!; (it was) no bother at all; not at all