first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
material; substance; matter
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
-ical; -ive; -like; -ish; (something) like; along the lines of
observation; survey; measurement; opinion; prediction; thinking
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
opinion; point of view; visual point
invention; intelligent; clever; (arch.) making sense (of something); (arch.) understanding
founder; originator; pioneer
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
how; in what way; how about
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis