ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to wake up; to sober up; to come to one's senses; to become enlightened
grandfather; male senior-citizen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
interpretation (i.e. oral translation); interpreter
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
unexpectedly; surprisingly
to go smoothly; to turn out well; to do the trick; to have peaceful relations
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to continue (for a long time); to occur in succession; to come next (e.g. on TV)
factory; plant; mill; workshop
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
quietly; calmly; comfortably; peacefully
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
how; in what way; how about
to suit; to match; to become; to be like
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
deplorable; regrettable; disappointing; vexing; unfortunate
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
honorific/polite/humble prefix